Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation | Episode (5-4) | Surat Al-Ma'idah

0:00 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

0:05 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.

0:08 Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.

0:12 Surah al-Ma'idah.

0:17 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

0:22 “O Messenger! Let not them grieve thee who vie one with another in the race to disbelief, of such as say with their mouths: "We believe," but their hearts believe not, and of the Jews: listeners for the sake of falsehood, listeners on behalf of other folk who come not unto thee, changing words from their context and saying: If this be given unto you, receive it, but if this be not given unto you, then beware! He whom Allah doometh unto sin, thou (by thine efforts) wilt avail him naught against Allah. Those are they for whom the Will of Allah is that He cleanse not their hearts. Theirs in the world will be ignominy, and in the Hereafter an awful doom;” (5:41)

0:28 “O Messenger! Let not them grieve thee who vie one with another in the race to disbelief, of such as say with their mouths: "We believe," but their hearts believe not, and of the Jews: listeners for the sake of falsehood, listeners on behalf of other folk who come not unto thee, changing words from their context and saying: If this be given unto you, receive it, but if this be not given unto you, then beware! He whom Allah doometh unto sin, thou (by thine efforts) wilt avail him naught against Allah. Those are they for whom the Will of Allah is that He cleanse not their hearts. Theirs in the world will be ignominy, and in the Hereafter an awful doom;” (5:41)

0:36 Their hearts have not attained faith.

0:39 “O Messenger! Let not them grieve thee who vie one with another in the race to disbelief, of such as say with their mouths: "We believe," but their hearts believe not, and of the Jews: listeners for the sake of falsehood, listeners on behalf of other folk who come not unto thee, changing words from their context and saying: If this be given unto you, receive it, but if this be not given unto you, then beware! He whom Allah doometh unto sin, thou (by thine efforts) wilt avail him naught against Allah. Those are they for whom the Will of Allah is that He cleanse not their hearts. Theirs in the world will be ignominy, and in the Hereafter an awful doom;” (5:41)

0:44 They are listeners for other people.

0:49 They are listeners for other people.

0:53 Who have not come to you.

0:56 They distort words from their proper contexts.

1:01 They say, "If you are given this, take it; but if you are not given it, then beware."

1:09 “O Messenger! Let not them grieve thee who vie one with another in the race to disbelief, of such as say with their mouths: "We believe," but their hearts believe not, and of the Jews: listeners for the sake of falsehood, listeners on behalf of other folk who come not unto thee, changing words from their context and saying: If this be given unto you, receive it, but if this be not given unto you, then beware! He whom Allah doometh unto sin, thou (by thine efforts) wilt avail him naught against Allah. Those are they for whom the Will of Allah is that He cleanse not their hearts. Theirs in the world will be ignominy, and in the Hereafter an awful doom;” (5:41)

1:17 “O Messenger! Let not them grieve thee who vie one with another in the race to disbelief, of such as say with their mouths: "We believe," but their hearts believe not, and of the Jews: listeners for the sake of falsehood, listeners on behalf of other folk who come not unto thee, changing words from their context and saying: If this be given unto you, receive it, but if this be not given unto you, then beware! He whom Allah doometh unto sin, thou (by thine efforts) wilt avail him naught against Allah. Those are they for whom the Will of Allah is that He cleanse not their hearts. Theirs in the world will be ignominy, and in the Hereafter an awful doom;” (5:41)

1:25 For them is disgrace in this world, and for them in the Hereafter is a great punishment.

1:35 O Messenger, do not let those who hasten toward disbelief in you grieve you.

1:40 From among the hypocrites who said:

1:42 "We believe in you, O Muhammad, that you are the Messenger of Allah."

1:46 While they inwardly believe in denying you.

1:49 And do not let the Jews hasten toward rejecting your prophethood.

1:53 These hypocrites from among the Jews are listeners to falsehood.

1:58 Regarding the ruling for a woman who has committed adultery while being married.

2:01 They are listeners to the lies spoken by their rabbis.

2:05 That the punishment for the adulterer in the Torah is blackening the face and flogging.

2:09 They listen to the family of the adulterer who intended to seek judgment from the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.

2:16 They are the "other people" who had not yet come to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.

2:23 They only asked the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, about that matter.

2:28 So that the family of the adulterous woman might know what his response would be.

2:33 If his ruling was not stoning, they would accept it.

2:36 But if his ruling was stoning, they would warn her and refuse to accept it.

2:41 The Jews distort the ruling of Allah that He revealed in the Torah.

2:46 Regarding married men and women who commit adultery, changing the punishment from stoning to flogging and blackening the face.

2:51 After Allah had placed those rulings in their proper contexts.

2:55 These transgressors, who listen to falsehood, say:

2:59 "If Muhammad gives you a verdict of flogging and blackening the face for our companion, then accept it from him."

3:05 "But if he does not give you that verdict and instead rules with stoning, then beware and reject it."

3:10 And whoever Allah intends to leave in his misguidance away from the path of the guided, O Muhammad—

3:16 You will never be able to protect him from Allah against the confusion and misguidance that Allah has willed for him.

3:23 So do not distress yourself with grief over those who have missed the guidance to the truth.

3:29 These are the ones whom Allah did not intend to purify their hearts from the filth of disbelief and the grime of polytheism.

3:36 Rather, He intended for them humiliation and disgrace in this world.

3:39 And in the Hereafter, the punishment of Hell, wherein they will abide forever.

3:44 “Listeners for the sake of falsehood! Greedy for illicit gain! If then they have recourse unto thee (Muhammad) judge between them or disclaim jurisdiction. If thou disclaimest jurisdiction, then they cannot harm thee at all. But if thou judgest, judge between them with equity. Lo! Allah loveth the equitable.” (5:42)

3:51 So if they come to you, judge between them or turn away from them.

3:59 “Listeners for the sake of falsehood! Greedy for illicit gain! If then they have recourse unto thee (Muhammad) judge between them or disclaim jurisdiction. If thou disclaimest jurisdiction, then they cannot harm thee at all. But if thou judgest, judge between them with equity. Lo! Allah loveth the equitable.” (5:42)

4:05 And if you judge, judge between them with justice.

4:12 Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly.

4:19 These Jews are characterized by listening to false speech and lies.

4:25 They accept bribes and consume them, based on their lies against Allah and their fabrications about Him.

4:32 If these "other people" come to you—those who have not yet come to you—

4:37 And they are the people of the adulterous woman seeking your judgment,

4:41 Then judge between them, if you wish, with the truth that Allah has established as a ruling for those who commit the act of the adulterous woman.

4:49 Or turn away from them, and decline to judge between them if you wish.

4:53 And if you, O Muhammad, turn away from the People of the Scripture who seek your judgment,

4:58 They will never be able to harm you in your religion or your worldly life.

5:02 But if you choose to judge and deliberate, O Muhammad,

5:06 Then judge between them with justice; indeed, Allah loves those who are just in their judgment among people.

5:12 Those who judge between them according to the law of Allah.

5:16 “How come they unto thee for judgment when they have the Torah, wherein Allah hath delivered judgment (for them)? Yet even after that they turn away. Such (folk) are not believers.” (5:43)

5:23 “How come they unto thee for judgment when they have the Torah, wherein Allah hath delivered judgment (for them)? Yet even after that they turn away. Such (folk) are not believers.” (5:43)

5:32 And those are not believers.

5:39 And how could these Jews appoint you as a judge, O Muhammad, between them,

5:44 While they possess the Torah which I revealed to Moses, peace be upon him?

5:48 Which they acknowledge to be the truth.

5:52 And they know that My ruling within it for the married adulterer is stoning.

5:56 And despite their knowledge of that,

5:59 They abandon the ruling of it out of audacity toward Me and disobedience to Me.

6:03 It is not the one who does this act—

6:06 Meaning, whoever turns away from the ruling of Allah which He revealed to His Prophet—

6:10 Who is the one that truly believes in Allah and His Messenger.

6:13 This is a rebuke to the Jews.

6:16 He says to them:

6:17 How can you acknowledge the judgment of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him,

6:22 While simultaneously rejecting his prophethood?

6:25 And you abandon the ruling which you acknowledge,

6:28 Which Moses brought to you from Allah.

6:33 Indeed, We revealed the Torah, in which is guidance and light.

6:41 “Lo! We did reveal the Torah, wherein is guidance and a light, by which the prophets who surrendered (unto Allah) judged the Jews, and the rabbis and the priests (judged) by such of Allah's Scripture as they were bidden to observe, and thereunto were they witnesses. So fear not mankind, but fear Me. And My revelations for a little gain. Whoso judgeth not by that which Allah hath revealed: such are disbelievers.” (5:44)

6:47 And the rabbis and the scholars.

6:54 “Lo! We did reveal the Torah, wherein is guidance and a light, by which the prophets who surrendered (unto Allah) judged the Jews, and the rabbis and the priests (judged) by such of Allah's Scripture as they were bidden to observe, and thereunto were they witnesses. So fear not mankind, but fear Me. And My revelations for a little gain. Whoso judgeth not by that which Allah hath revealed: such are disbelievers.” (5:44)

7:02 So do not fear the people, but fear Me.

7:05 And do not exchange My verses for a small price.

7:11 “Lo! We did reveal the Torah, wherein is guidance and a light, by which the prophets who surrendered (unto Allah) judged the Jews, and the rabbis and the priests (judged) by such of Allah's Scripture as they were bidden to observe, and thereunto were they witnesses. So fear not mankind, but fear Me. And My revelations for a little gain. Whoso judgeth not by that which Allah hath revealed: such are disbelievers.” (5:44)

7:21 Indeed, We revealed the Torah, in which is the clarification of what these Jews asked you about regarding the ruling for the two married adulterers.

7:29 And in it is a light of judgment.

7:33 The prophets who submitted to the judgment of Allah and acknowledged it judge by the law of the Torah.

7:39 And the scholars, the wise, and those with insight into the governance of people and the management of their affairs.

7:45 And the scholars who judge matters according to the knowledge of the Torah entrusted to them.

7:50 They were witnesses over the judgment of the prophets who submitted to those who followed Judaism.

7:56 That they judged them according to the Book of Allah which He revealed to His Prophet Moses, peace be upon him.

8:02 So do not fear the people in implementing the ruling that I have decreed for My servants.

8:07 For they cannot cause you any harm or bring you any benefit except by My permission.

8:13 And do not take, by abandoning the judgment of the verses of the Book which I revealed to Moses, O rabbis, a base compensation.

8:22 And whoever conceals the ruling of Allah which He revealed in His Book, hiding it and judging by other than it,

8:28 They are the ones who covered the truth which they were obligated to reveal and clarify.

8:34 They hid it from the people, manifested something else to them, and judged by it for a bribe they took from them for it.

8:42 “And We prescribed for them therein: The life for the life, and the eye for the eye, and the nose for the nose, and the ear for the ear, and the tooth for the tooth, and for wounds retaliation. But whoso forgoeth it (in the way of charity) it shall be expiation for him. Whoso judgeth not by that which Allah hath revealed: such are wrong-doers.” (5:45)

8:57 “And We prescribed for them therein: The life for the life, and the eye for the eye, and the nose for the nose, and the ear for the ear, and the tooth for the tooth, and for wounds retaliation. But whoso forgoeth it (in the way of charity) it shall be expiation for him. Whoso judgeth not by that which Allah hath revealed: such are wrong-doers.” (5:45)

9:09 “And We prescribed for them therein: The life for the life, and the eye for the eye, and the nose for the nose, and the ear for the ear, and the tooth for the tooth, and for wounds retaliation. But whoso forgoeth it (in the way of charity) it shall be expiation for him. Whoso judgeth not by that which Allah hath revealed: such are wrong-doers.” (5:45)

9:25 And We ordained for the Jews in the Torah that a life should be taken for a life.

9:32 And We ordained for them therein that an eye should be gouged for an eye that its owner gouged from another person.

9:39 And the nose for the nose, the ear for the ear, and the tooth for the tooth.

9:46 And there is legal retribution for injuries; whoever gives it up as charity, it is an expiation for him—for the injured party.

9:56 For charity is what expiates the sin of its giver.

10:00 And whoever does not judge by what Allah revealed in the Torah, regarding the retribution of a life for a life taken unjustly,

10:09 But rather executes retribution for some and not for others, then whoever does that is among those who have transgressed the law of Allah.

10:18 “And We caused Jesus, son of Mary, to follow in their footsteps, confirming that which was (revealed) before him in the Torah, and We bestowed on him the Gospel wherein is guidance and a light, confirming that which was (revealed) before it in the Torah - a guidance and an admonition unto those who ward off (evil).” (5:46)

10:29 And We gave him the Gospel, in which is guidance and light, confirming what was before it of the Torah, and as guidance and instruction for the righteous.

10:49 And We followed up with Jesus, son of Mary, in the footsteps of the prophets who submitted before you, O Muhammad.

10:56 So We sent him confirming the Book which We revealed to Moses before him, that it is the truth.

11:03 And We revealed to him the Gospel.

11:06 In it is the clarification of what people were ignorant of regarding the ruling of Allah in his time.

11:10 And in it is a light for those who act in ignorance.

11:13 And We revealed the Gospel to Jesus, confirming the scriptures before it.

11:19 And as a clarification of the ruling of Allah that He approved for His servants in the time of Jesus.

11:24 And as a warning to the righteous who feared Allah and were wary of His punishment.

11:29 So they feared Him by obeying Him in what He commanded them.

11:32 And they were wary of Him by abandoning what He forbade them from doing.

11:36 “Let the People of the Gospel judge by that which Allah hath revealed therein. Whoso judgeth not by that which Allah hath revealed: such are evil-livers.” (5:47)

11:44 “Let the People of the Gospel judge by that which Allah hath revealed therein. Whoso judgeth not by that which Allah hath revealed: such are evil-livers.” (5:47)

11:54 And We commanded the people of the Gospel to follow what Allah revealed in it.

11:58 But they altered its ruling and opposed it.

12:01 And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, then it is they who are the ones departing from the command of Allah.

12:08 “And unto thee have We revealed the Scripture with the truth, confirming whatever Scripture was before it, and a watcher over it. So judge between them by that which Allah hath revealed, and follow not their desires away from the truth which hath come unto thee. For each We have appointed a divine law and a traced-out way. Had Allah willed He could have made you one community. But that He may try you by that which He hath given you (He hath made you as ye are). So vie one with another in good works. Unto Allah ye will all return, and He will then inform you of that wherein ye differ.” (5:48)

12:13 “And unto thee have We revealed the Scripture with the truth, confirming whatever Scripture was before it, and a watcher over it. So judge between them by that which Allah hath revealed, and follow not their desires away from the truth which hath come unto thee. For each We have appointed a divine law and a traced-out way. Had Allah willed He could have made you one community. But that He may try you by that which He hath given you (He hath made you as ye are). So vie one with another in good works. Unto Allah ye will all return, and He will then inform you of that wherein ye differ.” (5:48)

12:22 And as a guardian over it.

12:25 So judge between them by what Allah has revealed.

12:32 And do not follow their desires away from the truth that has come to you.

12:40 “And unto thee have We revealed the Scripture with the truth, confirming whatever Scripture was before it, and a watcher over it. So judge between them by that which Allah hath revealed, and follow not their desires away from the truth which hath come unto thee. For each We have appointed a divine law and a traced-out way. Had Allah willed He could have made you one community. But that He may try you by that which He hath given you (He hath made you as ye are). So vie one with another in good works. Unto Allah ye will all return, and He will then inform you of that wherein ye differ.” (5:48)

12:47 “And unto thee have We revealed the Scripture with the truth, confirming whatever Scripture was before it, and a watcher over it. So judge between them by that which Allah hath revealed, and follow not their desires away from the truth which hath come unto thee. For each We have appointed a divine law and a traced-out way. Had Allah willed He could have made you one community. But that He may try you by that which He hath given you (He hath made you as ye are). So vie one with another in good works. Unto Allah ye will all return, and He will then inform you of that wherein ye differ.” (5:48)

13:02 So race to [all that is] good.

13:05 To Allah is your return all together.

13:09 Then He will inform you concerning that over which you used to differ.

13:16 And We revealed to you, O Muhammad, the Qur'an with the truth.

13:20 And We revealed it confirming what came before it of the Books of Allah.

13:24 And as a witness over them that they are the truth from Allah.

13:28 And as a guardian over them and a protector.

13:31 So judge, O Muhammad, between the People of the Scripture and the polytheists by what has been revealed to you.

13:37 In everything they seek your judgment for.

13:40 And do not follow the desires of the Jews away from the truth that has come to you from Allah.

13:46 For every people among you, We have made a law and a clear path.

13:51 And if your Lord had willed, He would have made your laws one.

13:55 So you would have been one Ummah, with your laws and methodologies not differing.

14:01 But He, the Exalted, made your laws different.

14:05 To test you in what He has revealed to you of the Books.

14:09 So hasten, O people, to righteous deeds.

14:14 For He only revealed them as a trial and a test for you.

14:18 Then He will reward all of you for your deeds.

14:21 For to Him is your return all together.

14:24 Then Allah will inform every group among you of what they used to differ about with the other groups.

14:30 Then He will judge between them with the final judgment.

14:33 And He will make clear who is right and who is wrong.

14:37 And judge between them by what Allah has revealed.

14:47 And do not follow their desires, and beware of them.

14:53 “So judge between them by that which Allah hath revealed, and follow not their desires, but beware of them lest they seduce thee from some part of that which Allah hath revealed unto thee. And if they turn away, then know that Allah's Will is to smite them for some sin of theirs. Lo! many of mankind are evil-livers.” (5:49)

15:01 Then if they turn away, know that Allah only intends—

15:07 “So judge between them by that which Allah hath revealed, and follow not their desires, but beware of them lest they seduce thee from some part of that which Allah hath revealed unto thee. And if they turn away, then know that Allah's Will is to smite them for some sin of theirs. Lo! many of mankind are evil-livers.” (5:49)

15:11 Indeed, many of the people are defiantly disobedient.

15:20 And judge between them by what Allah has revealed to you in His Book.

15:25 And do not follow the desires of the Jews.

15:28 And beware, O Muhammad, of these Jews.

15:31 That they might tempt you and divert you from some of what Allah has revealed to you.

15:36 Then if these Jews turn away,

15:39 And abandon acting according to what you have judged,

15:42 Then know that they did not turn away out of dissatisfaction with your judgment,

15:46 For you have judged with the truth.

15:47 Rather, it is only because Allah intends to hasten their punishment.

15:52 In the immediate life of this world.

15:53 For some of their past sins.

15:56 And indeed, many of the Jews

15:59 Are departing from His obedience to His disobedience.

16:03 Do they seek the judgment of the Age of Ignorance?

16:08 “Is it a judgment of the time of (pagan) ignorance that they are seeking? Who is better than Allah for judgment to a people who have certainty (in their belief)?” (5:50)

16:18 Do these Jews who sought your judgment seek—

16:21 And were not satisfied with your judgment—

16:23 The judgments of the idolaters from among the people of polytheism?

16:27 While they possess the Book of Allah.

16:29 In which is the truth that it is not permissible to oppose.

16:33 And who is better than Allah in judgment?

16:36 If you are certain that you have a Lord.

16:40 And you are people of monotheism and acknowledgment of Him.

16:44 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.

Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation | Episode (5-4) | Surat Al-Ma'idah | Verses from (41) to (50)

Transcript