Part of Tafsir al-Tabari (the series is complete)
· Lesson 277 of 308
Conclusion from Al-Tabari’s interpretation | Episode (4-9) | Surah An-Nisa | Verses from (114) to (134)
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Transcript
Machine translation — may contain errors
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In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
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The Summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.
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Abridged by Dr. Aqeel ibn Salim al-Shammari.
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Surah al-Nisa'.
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In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
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“There is no good in much of their secret conferences save (in) him who enjoineth almsgiving and kindness and peace-making among the people. Whoso doeth that, seeking the good pleasure of Allah, We shall bestow on him a vast reward.” (4:114)
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“There is no good in much of their secret conferences save (in) him who enjoineth almsgiving and kindness and peace-making among the people. Whoso doeth that, seeking the good pleasure of Allah, We shall bestow on him a vast reward.” (4:114)
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“There is no good in much of their secret conferences save (in) him who enjoineth almsgiving and kindness and peace-making among the people. Whoso doeth that, seeking the good pleasure of Allah, We shall bestow on him a vast reward.” (4:114)
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“There is no good in much of their secret conferences save (in) him who enjoineth almsgiving and kindness and peace-making among the people. Whoso doeth that, seeking the good pleasure of Allah, We shall bestow on him a vast reward.” (4:114)
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"And whoever does that..."
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"...seeking the pleasure of Allah..."
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"...We shall give him a great reward."
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“There is no good in much of their secret conferences save (in) him who enjoineth almsgiving and kindness and peace-making among the people. Whoso doeth that, seeking the good pleasure of Allah, We shall bestow on him a vast reward.” (4:114)
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“There is no good in much of their secret conferences save (in) him who enjoineth almsgiving and kindness and peace-making among the people. Whoso doeth that, seeking the good pleasure of Allah, We shall bestow on him a vast reward.” (4:114)
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...from among the righteous deeds and good actions that Allah has commanded...
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...or reconciling between disputing parties in ways that Allah has made lawful.
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"And whoever commands charity or righteous conduct..."
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"...or reconciles between people seeking the pleasure of Allah..."
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"...We shall give him a great reward."
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"And whoever opposes the Messenger..."
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“And whoso opposeth the messenger after the guidance (of Allah) hath been manifested unto him, and followeth other than the believer's way, We appoint for him that unto which he himself hath turned, and expose him unto hell - a hapless journey's end!” (4:115)
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“And whoso opposeth the messenger after the guidance (of Allah) hath been manifested unto him, and followeth other than the believer's way, We appoint for him that unto which he himself hath turned, and expose him unto hell - a hapless journey's end!” (4:115)
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“And whoso opposeth the messenger after the guidance (of Allah) hath been manifested unto him, and followeth other than the believer's way, We appoint for him that unto which he himself hath turned, and expose him unto hell - a hapless journey's end!” (4:115)
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"...We will turn him to what he has turned to..."
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"...and burn him in Hell..."
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"...and evil it is as a destination."
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And whoever separates himself from the Messenger Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)...
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...showing hostility toward him...
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“And whoso opposeth the messenger after the guidance (of Allah) hath been manifested unto him, and followeth other than the believer's way, We appoint for him that unto which he himself hath turned, and expose him unto hell - a hapless journey's end!” (4:115)
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...and following a path other than the path of the people of faith...
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...and that is disbelief in Allah...
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...We will assign to him as a helper whatever idols and false gods he sought help from...
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...and relied upon...
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...which will not avail him or ward off anything of Allah's punishment from him.
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And We will cast him into the fire of Hell to burn him in it...
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...and evil is Hell as a final destination for whoever arrives at it.
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"Indeed, Allah does not forgive that association be made with Him..."
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"...and He forgives what is less than that..."
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"...and He forgives what is less than that for whom He wills."
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“Lo! Allah pardoneth not that partners should be ascribed unto Him. He pardoneth all save that to whom He will. Whoso ascribeth partners unto Allah hath wandered far astray.” (4:116)
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Indeed, Allah does not forgive one who associates partners with Him and dies in that state of shirk;
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but He forgives sins lesser than shirk with Allah for whomsoever He wills.
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"And whoever associates partners with Allah in His worship..."
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...has indeed strayed from the path of truth...
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...and deviated from the right way.
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For that is far-reaching error and manifest loss.
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“They invoke in His stead only females; they pray to none else than Satan, a rebel” (4:117)
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“They invoke in His stead only females; they pray to none else than Satan, a rebel” (4:117)
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"And those whom they call upon besides Him..."
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"...call upon nothing but female entities..."
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...such as al-Lat, al-'Uzza, and the like.
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"And they call upon none but a rebellious Satan..." rebellious against Allah...
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...in his opposition to what He commanded him and what He forbade him.
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"Allah cursed him..."
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“Whom Allah cursed, and he said: Surely I will take of Thy bondmen an appointed portion,” (4:118)
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...He disgraced him, cast him away, and banished him.
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"And Satan said..."
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"'I will surely take an appointed portion of Your servants...'"
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...he takes that designated portion from them...
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...by misguiding them away from the right way...
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...and calling them to obey him.
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"'And I will surely mislead them, and I will surely arouse in them false desires...'"
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"'...and I will surely command them...'"
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"'...and they will slit the ears of cattle...'"
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"'...and I will surely command them...'"
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"'...and they will alter the creation of Allah.'"
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“And surely I will lead them astray, and surely I will arouse desires in them, and surely I will command them and they will cut the cattle' ears, and surely I will command them and they will change Allah's creation. Whoso chooseth Satan for a patron instead of Allah is verily a loser and his loss is manifest.” (4:119)
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“And surely I will lead them astray, and surely I will arouse desires in them, and surely I will command them and they will cut the cattle' ears, and surely I will command them and they will change Allah's creation. Whoso chooseth Satan for a patron instead of Allah is verily a loser and his loss is manifest.” (4:119)
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"...a manifest loss."
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"And I will surely turn away the designated portion..."
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"...which I take from Your servants..."
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"...from the clear path of guidance into error."
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"And I will surely cause them to deviate..."
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"...by means of the false hopes I place in their hearts."
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"And I will surely command Your servants..."
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"...to worship idols besides You..."
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"...and to forbid and make lawful for themselves..."
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"...and to legislate other than what You have legislated for them..."
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...such as slitting the ear of the *bahirah* camel.
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"'And I will surely command them...'"
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"...and they will alter the religion of Allah..."
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...by gelding animals that are not permissible to geld...
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...and tattooing what He has forbidden to tattoo...
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...and other such acts of disobedience.
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"And whoever takes Satan..."
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"...as an ally for himself..."
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"...and a helper instead of Allah..."
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"...has indeed suffered a destruction..."
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...that clearly demonstrates his ruin and demise.
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"He promises them and arouses false desires in them..."
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"And Satan promises them nothing..."
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"...except delusion."
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Satan promises his allies...
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...that he will be a helper to them...
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...against anyone who intends harm against them...
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...and he promises them victory...
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...over anyone who seeks to do them ill.
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"And Satan promises his allies nothing..."
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"...except falsehood."
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"Those—their refuge..."
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"...is Hell..."
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“For such, their habitation will be hell, and they will find no refuge therefrom.” (4:121)
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Those are the ones who...
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...took Satan...
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...as an ally besides Allah.
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Their destination is Hell...
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...and they will not find from Hell...
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...on the Day of Resurrection...
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...any escape...
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...to which they can hurry.
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"And those who believe..."
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"...and do righteous deeds..."
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"...We will admit them into gardens..."
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"...underneath which rivers flow..."
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"...abiding therein forever."
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"[It is] the promise of Allah, in truth..."
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“But as for those who believe and do good works We shall bring them into Gardens underneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide for ever. It is a promise from Allah in truth; and who can be more truthful than Allah in utterance?” (4:122)
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And those who believe in Allah and His Messenger...
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...and fulfill the obligations of Allah...
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...which He made obligatory upon them...
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...We shall admit them on the Day of Resurrection...
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...into gardens beneath which rivers flow...
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...remaining in those gardens eternally.
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A promise from Allah made in this world...
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...with true certainty.
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"And who is more truthful, O people..."
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"...than Allah in statement?"
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That is, no one is more truthful in speech than Him.
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"It is not by your wishful thinking..."
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“It will not be in accordance with your desires, nor the desires of the People of the Scripture. He who doeth wrong will have the recompense thereof, and will not find against Allah any protecting friend or helper.” (4:123)
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"Whoever does evil..."
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"...evil will be recompensed for it..."
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"...and he will not find for himself..."
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“It will not be in accordance with your desires, nor the desires of the People of the Scripture. He who doeth wrong will have the recompense thereof, and will not find against Allah any protecting friend or helper.” (4:123)
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"...a protector or a helper."
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The matter is not according to your wishful thinking...
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...O allies of Satan...
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...and his party...
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“It will not be in accordance with your desires, nor the desires of the People of the Scripture. He who doeth wrong will have the recompense thereof, and will not find against Allah any protecting friend or helper.” (4:123)
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...those who said...
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..."The Fire will not touch us..."
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"...except for a numbered few days."
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For indeed, Allah will recompense...
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...every worker among you according to his deed.
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Whoever among you does evil...
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...will be recompensed for it...
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“It will not be in accordance with your desires, nor the desires of the People of the Scripture. He who doeth wrong will have the recompense thereof, and will not find against Allah any protecting friend or helper.” (4:123)
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...finding no protector to manage his affair...
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...nor any helper to assist him...
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...against the punishment of Allah that alights upon him.
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"And whoever does righteous deeds..."
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"...whether male or female..."
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"...while he is a believer..."
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"...those will enter..."
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"...those will enter Paradise..."
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"...and they will not be wronged even as much as the speck on a date seed."
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Whoever among your males and females does righteous deeds...
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...from among your men and women...
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...while believing in Me...
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...and in My Messenger Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)...
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...those shall enter Paradise...
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...and Allah will not wrong them...
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...even by the amount of a date-seed speck...
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...which is the tiny pit on the back of a date seed...
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...so how much less anything greater or more than that?
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"And who is better in religion..."
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“Who is better in religion than he who surrendereth his purpose to Allah while doing good (to men) and followeth the tradition of Abraham, the upright? Allah (Himself) chose Abraham for friend.” (4:125)
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"...while he is a doer of good..."
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“Who is better in religion than he who surrendereth his purpose to Allah while doing good (to men) and followeth the tradition of Abraham, the upright? Allah (Himself) chose Abraham for friend.” (4:125)
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“Who is better in religion than he who surrendereth his purpose to Allah while doing good (to men) and followeth the tradition of Abraham, the upright? Allah (Himself) chose Abraham for friend.” (4:125)
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"And who is better in religion, O people..."
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"...and more upright in path..."
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"...than one who submits his face to Allah..."
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...yielding to Him in obedience...
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...while acting according to what his Lord has commanded him...
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...and following the religion that Abraham was upon...
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...upright upon his methodology and path?
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"And Allah took Abraham as an intimate friend..."
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...because of his obedience to Him and his sincere worship of Him alone.
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"And to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth..."
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...and Allah is ever encompassing of all that His servants do, whether good or evil...
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...knowing it completely, with nothing hidden from Him.
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"They ask you for a ruling concerning women..."
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"Say, 'Allah gives you a ruling concerning them and what is recited to you...'"
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"...'and what is recited to you in the Book...'"
10:35
“They consult thee concerning women. Say: Allah giveth you decree concerning them, and the Scripture which hath been recited unto you (giveth decree), concerning female orphans and those unto whom ye give not that which is ordained for them though ye desire to marry them, and (concerning) the weak among children, and that ye should deal justly with orphans. Whatever good ye do, lo! Allah is ever Aware of it.” (4:127)
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“They consult thee concerning women. Say: Allah giveth you decree concerning them, and the Scripture which hath been recited unto you (giveth decree), concerning female orphans and those unto whom ye give not that which is ordained for them though ye desire to marry them, and (concerning) the weak among children, and that ye should deal justly with orphans. Whatever good ye do, lo! Allah is ever Aware of it.” (4:127)
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"...'whom you do not give what has been decreed for them...'"
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"...'and you desire to marry them...'"
11:03
"...'and the oppressed children...'"
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"...'and that you maintain justice for the orphans.'"
11:14
“They consult thee concerning women. Say: Allah giveth you decree concerning them, and the Scripture which hath been recited unto you (giveth decree), concerning female orphans and those unto whom ye give not that which is ordained for them though ye desire to marry them, and (concerning) the weak among children, and that ye should deal justly with orphans. Whatever good ye do, lo! Allah is ever Aware of it.” (4:127)
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And your companions ask you, O Muhammad, to give them a ruling concerning women.
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Say to them, O Muhammad:
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"Allah gives you a ruling concerning them..."
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"...and concerning what is recited to you in the Book of Allah regarding female orphans..."
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"...whom you do not give what Allah has ordained for them of inheritance..."
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"...and yet you incline away from marrying them."
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And Allah gives you a ruling regarding the oppressed children...
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...that you give them their rightful shares of inheritance...
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...because they used to withhold inheritance from young children.
11:56
"And that you treat orphans with justice."
11:59
And whatever justice you practice, O believers, regarding the wealth of orphans...
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...indeed, Allah has always been All-Knowing of what takes place.
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So preserve it for Him so that He may grant you your full reward on the Day of Resurrection.
12:13
“If a woman feareth ill treatment from her husband, or desertion, it is no sin for them twain if they make terms of peace between themselves. Peace is better. But greed hath been made present in the minds (of men). If ye do good and keep from evil, lo! Allah is ever Informed of what ye do.” (4:128)
12:23
“If a woman feareth ill treatment from her husband, or desertion, it is no sin for them twain if they make terms of peace between themselves. Peace is better. But greed hath been made present in the minds (of men). If ye do good and keep from evil, lo! Allah is ever Informed of what ye do.” (4:128)
12:30
"...and reconciliation is best."
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"And inner stinginess has been made present in the souls."
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"And if you do good and fear Allah..."
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"...then indeed Allah is ever, of what you do, All-Aware."
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And if a woman senses from her husband arrogance and self-preference over her...
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...either due to dislike, her lack of beauty...
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...her advanced age, or other such circumstances...
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...or his turning away from her with his face or withholding some of her rights...
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...there is no blame upon the two of them if they make a settlement between themselves...
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...such as her conceding her day to him...
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...or forfeiting part of her due rights to gain his affection thereby.
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And reconciliation is better than seeking separation and divorce.
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And the souls of women have been disposed toward stinginess regarding their shares from their husbands...
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...due to a woman's intense desire for her share of time and financial support from her husband.
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And if you do good, O men, in your actions toward your wives...
13:37
...and fear Allah regarding them by refraining from wronging them...
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...then indeed Allah is ever All-Knowing, All-Aware of what you do regarding your wives' affairs, O men.
13:47
Nothing of it is hidden from Him, and He will grant you your full recompense for it.
13:53
“Ye will not be able to deal equally between (your) wives, however much ye wish (to do so). But turn not altogether away (from one), leaving her as in suspense. If ye do good and keep from evil, lo! Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.” (4:129)
14:04
“Ye will not be able to deal equally between (your) wives, however much ye wish (to do so). But turn not altogether away (from one), leaving her as in suspense. If ye do good and keep from evil, lo! Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.” (4:129)
14:10
“Ye will not be able to deal equally between (your) wives, however much ye wish (to do so). But turn not altogether away (from one), leaving her as in suspense. If ye do good and keep from evil, lo! Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.” (4:129)
14:18
You will never be able, O men, to be entirely equal between your wives in the love of your hearts...
14:25
...even if you strive to be equal between them in that regard.
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So do not incline completely according to your desires, such that it leads you to wrong the other wife...
14:35
in failing to fulfill the duties owed to them regarding equitable division of time, financial maintenance, and kind companionship,
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such that you leave the wife other than the one toward whom your desires have inclined
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suspended, as if she is neither truly married nor divorced.
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But if you mend your conduct, O people, and act justly in dividing your time among your wives,
14:57
and fear Allah regarding the favoritism He has forbidden you from showing,
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then Allah will overlook the past partiality and injustice you committed,
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and He was ever Merciful to you, in that He accepted your repentance.
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Yet if the woman whose husband has turned away from her refuses to make concessions to him,
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and they part ways through divorce, Allah will enrich both the husband and the divorced wife out of His vast bounty.
15:37
And Allah was ever Boundless toward them in His provision, Wise in His rulings, His governance, and His decrees among His creation.
16:00
“Unto Allah belongeth whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth. And We charged those who received the Scripture before you, and (We charge) you, that ye keep your duty toward Allah. And if ye disbelieve, lo! unto Allah belongeth whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth, and Allah is ever Absolute, Owner of Praise.” (4:131)
16:09
“Unto Allah belongeth whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth. And We charged those who received the Scripture before you, and (We charge) you, that ye keep your duty toward Allah. And if ye disbelieve, lo! unto Allah belongeth whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth, and Allah is ever Absolute, Owner of Praise.” (4:131)
16:13
To Allah belongs the entire dominion of whatever the seven heavens and the seven earths contain.
16:20
We have indeed commanded the people of the Torah and the Gospel, as well as you,
16:24
saying to you and to them: Be mindful of Allah, lest you disobey His command and prohibition.
16:30
And if you deny His charge to you, O believers, and oppose it,
16:35
then to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth, and nothing He intends can ever be withheld from Him.
16:42
He is the Self-Sufficient, having no need of anything, nor does any poverty befall Him that would compel Him toward you, O people;
16:51
and He is the Praiseworthy, who has rightfully earned praise from you, O creation, through the fine favors He has bestowed upon you.
16:59
“Unto Allah belongeth whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth. And Allah is sufficient as Defender.” (4:132)
17:07
To Allah belongs the dominion of all that the heavens and the earth contain, and He is the Sustainer of it all;
17:14
the knowledge of nothing therein escapes Him, and sufficient is Allah as a Guardian and Preserver.
17:20
If He wills, He can take you away, O people, and bring others in your place, and Allah was ever Capable of that.
17:34
If Allah wills, O people, He can do away with you by destroying and annihilating you,
17:40
and bring other people besides you to support His Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him;
17:48
and Allah was ever fully Able to destroy you and replace you with others.
17:55
“Whoso desireth the reward of the world, (let him know that) with Allah is the reward of the world and the Hereafter. Allah is ever Hearer, Seer.” (4:134)
18:11
Whoever among the doers of deeds intends by his deeds only worldly gain, then with Allah lies his reward in this world and his recompense in it,
18:21
such as war spoils when he attends a battle, and safety for his life, his offspring, his wealth, and the like;
18:30
but as for his recompense in the Hereafter, it is the Fire of Hell; and Allah was ever Hearing of what these hypocrites say,
18:38
All-Seeing of them and of the state they are in.
18:42
Summary from Tafsir al-Tabari.